Next: Startup, Previous: File Options, Up: Invoking GDB

#### 2.1.2 Choosing Modes

You can run gdb in various alternative modes—for example, in batch mode or quiet mode.

`-nx`
`-n`
  Do not execute commands found in any initialization file. There are three init files, loaded in the following order:
  `system.gdbinit`
    This is the system-wide init file. Its location is specified with the `--with-system-gdbinit` configure option (see System-wide configuration). It is loaded first when gdb starts, before command line options have been processed.
  `~/.gdbinit`
    This is the init file in your home directory. It is loaded next, after `system.gdbinit`, and before command options have been processed.
  `./.gdbinit`
    This is the init file in the current directory. It is loaded last, after command line options other than `-x` and `-ex` have been processed. Command line options `-x` and `-ex` are processed last, after `./.gdbinit` has been loaded.

  For further documentation on startup processing, See Startup. For documentation on how to write command files, See Command Files.

`-nh`
  Do not execute commands found in `~/.gdbinit`, the init file in your home directory. See Startup.
`-quiet`
`-silent`
`-q`
  “Quiet”. Do not print the introductory and copyright messages. These messages are also suppressed in batch mode.
`-batch`
  Run in batch mode. Exit with status `0` after processing all the command files specified with ‘`-x`’ (and all commands from initialization files, if not inhibited with ‘`-n`’). Exit with nonzero status if an error occurs in executing the gdb commands in the command files. Batch mode also disables pagination, sets unlimited terminal width and height see Screen Size, and acts as if `set confirm off` were in effect (see Messages/Warnings).

  Batch mode may be useful for running gdb as a filter, for example to download and run a program on another computer; in order to make this more useful, the message

                Program exited normally.

  (which is ordinarily issued whenever a program running under gdb control terminates) is not issued when running in batch mode.

`-batch-silent`
  Run in batch mode exactly like ‘`-batch`’, but totally silently. All gdb output to `stdout` is prevented (`stderr` is unaffected). This is much quieter than ‘`-silent`’ and would be useless for an interactive session.

  This is particularly useful when using targets that give ‘`Loading section`’ messages, for example.

  Note that targets that give their output via gdb, as opposed to writing directly to `stdout`, will also be made silent.

`-return-child-result`
  The return code from gdb will be the return code from the child process (the process being debugged), with the following exceptions:
  - gdb exits abnormally. E.g., due to an incorrect argument or an internal error. In this case the exit code is the same as it would have been without ‘`-return-child-result`’.
  - The user quits with an explicit value. E.g., ‘`quit 1`’.
  - The child process never runs, or is not allowed to terminate, in which case the exit code will be -1.

  This option is useful in conjunction with ‘`-batch`’ or ‘`-batch-silent`’, when gdb is being used as a remote program loader or simulator interface.

`-nowindows`
`-nw`
  “No windows”. If gdb comes with a graphical user interface (GUI) built in, then this option tells gdb to only use the command-line interface. If no GUI is available, this option has no effect.
`-windows`
`-w`
  If gdb includes a GUI, then this option requires it to be used if possible.
`-cd` directory
  Run gdb using directory as its working directory, instead of the current directory.
`-data-directory` directory
`-D` directory
  Run gdb using directory as its data directory. The data directory is where gdb searches for its auxiliary files. See Data Files.
`-fullname`
`-f`
  gnu Emacs sets this option when it runs gdb as a subprocess. It tells gdb to output the full file name and line number in a standard, recognizable fashion each time a stack frame is displayed (which includes each time your program stops). This recognizable format looks like two ‘`\032`’ characters, followed by the file name, line number and character position separated by colons, and a newline. The Emacs-to-gdb interface program uses the two ‘`\032`’ characters as a signal to display the source code for the frame.
`-annotate` level
  This option sets the annotation level inside gdb. Its effect is identical to using ‘`set annotate level`’ (see Annotations). The annotation level controls how much information gdb prints together with its prompt, values of expressions, source lines, and other types of output. Level 0 is the normal, level 1 is for use when gdb is run as a subprocess of gnu Emacs, level 3 is the maximum annotation suitable for programs that control gdb, and level 2 has been deprecated.

  The annotation mechanism has largely been superseded by gdb/mi (see GDB/MI).

`--args`
  Change interpretation of command line so that arguments following the executable file are passed as command line arguments to the inferior. This option stops option processing.
`-baud` bps
`-b` bps
  Set the line speed (baud rate or bits per second) of any serial interface used by gdb for remote debugging.
`-l` timeout
  Set the timeout (in seconds) of any communication used by gdb for remote debugging.
`-tty` device
`-t` device
  Run using device for your program's standard input and output.
`-tui`
  Activate the Text User Interface when starting. The Text User Interface manages several text windows on the terminal, showing source, assembly, registers and gdb command outputs (see gdb Text User Interface). Do not use this option if you run gdb from Emacs (see Using gdb under gnu Emacs).
`-interpreter` interp
  Use the interpreter interp for interface with the controlling program or device. This option is meant to be set by programs which communicate with gdb using it as a back end. See Command Interpreters.

  ‘`--interpreter=mi`’ (or ‘`--interpreter=mi2`’) causes gdb to use the gdb/mi interface (see The gdb/mi Interface) included since gdb version 6.0. The previous gdb/mi interface, included in gdb version 5.3 and selected with ‘`--interpreter=mi1`’, is deprecated. Earlier gdb/mi interfaces are no longer supported.

`-write`
  Open the executable and core files for both reading and writing. This is equivalent to the ‘`set write on`’ command inside gdb (see Patching).
`-statistics`
  This option causes gdb to print statistics about time and memory usage after it completes each command and returns to the prompt.
`-version`
  This option causes gdb to print its version number and no-warranty blurb, and exit.
`-configuration`
  This option causes gdb to print details about its build-time configuration parameters, and then exit. These details can be important when reporting gdb bugs (see GDB Bugs).