#ifndef DALI_MATH_UTILS_H
#define DALI_MATH_UTILS_H

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 */

// EXTERNAL INCLUDES
#include <cstdint> // uint32_t

// INTERNAL INCLUDES
#include <dali/public-api/common/dali-common.h>
#include <dali/public-api/common/constants.h>

namespace Dali
{
/**
 * @addtogroup dali_core_math
 * @{
 */

/**
 * @brief Returns the next power of two.
 *
 * In case of numbers which are already a power of two this function returns the original number.
 * If i is zero returns 1.
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] i Input number
 * @return The next power of two or i itself in case it's a power of two
 */
inline uint32_t NextPowerOfTwo( uint32_t i )
{
  DALI_ASSERT_ALWAYS(i <= 1u << (sizeof(uint32_t) * 8 - 1) && "Return type cannot represent the next power of two greater than the argument.");
  if(i==0u)
  {
    return 1u;
  }

  i--;
  i |= i >> 1;
  i |= i >> 2;
  i |= i >> 4;
  i |= i >> 8;
  i |= i >> 16;
  i++;
  return i;
}

/**
 * @brief Whether a number is power of two.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] i Input number
 * @return    True if i is power of two.
 */
inline bool IsPowerOfTwo( uint32_t i )
{
  return (i != 0u) && ((i & (i - 1u)) == 0u);
}

/**
 * @brief Clamp a value.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] value The value to clamp.
 * @param[in] min The minimum allowed value.
 * @param[in] max The maximum allowed value.
 * @return T the clamped value
 */
template< typename T >
inline const T& Clamp( const T& value, const T& min, const T& max )
{
  const T& constrainedUpper = value < max ? value : max;
  const T& constrainedUpperAndLower = constrainedUpper > min ? constrainedUpper : min;
  return  constrainedUpperAndLower;
}

/**
 * @brief Clamp a value directly.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in,out] value The value that will be clamped.
 * @param[in] min The minimum allowed value.
 * @param[in] max The maximum allowed value.
 */
template< typename T >
inline void ClampInPlace( T& value, const T& min, const T& max )
{
  const T& constrainedUpper = value < max ? value : max;
  const T& constrainedUpperAndLower = constrainedUpper > min ? constrainedUpper : min;
  value = constrainedUpperAndLower;
}


/**
 * @brief Linear interpolation between two values.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] offset The offset through the range @p low to @p high.
 *                   This value is clamped between 0 and 1.
 * @param[in] low    Lowest value in range
 * @param[in] high   Highest value in range
 * @return A value between low and high.
 */
template< typename T >
inline const T Lerp( const float offset, const T& low, const T& high )
{
  return low + ((high - low) * Clamp(offset, 0.0f, 1.0f));
}

/**
 * @brief Get an epsilon that is valid for the given range.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] a the first value in the range
 * @param[in] b the second value in the range.
 * @return a suitable epsilon
 */
inline float GetRangedEpsilon( float a, float b )
{
  const float absA = fabsf( a );
  const float absB = fabsf( b );
  const float absF = absA > absB ? absA : absB;
  const int32_t absI = static_cast<int32_t>( absF ); // truncated

  float epsilon = Math::MACHINE_EPSILON_10000;
  if (absF < 0.1f)
  {
    return Math::MACHINE_EPSILON_0;
  }
  else if (absI < 2)
  {
    return Math::MACHINE_EPSILON_1;
  }
  else if (absI < 20)
  {
    return Math::MACHINE_EPSILON_10;
  }
  else if (absI < 200)
  {
    return Math::MACHINE_EPSILON_100;
  }
  else if (absI < 2000)
  {
    return Math::MACHINE_EPSILON_1000;
  }
  return epsilon;
}

/**
 * @brief Helper function to compare equality of a floating point value with zero.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] value the value to compare
 * @return true if the value is equal to zero
 */
#if __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
#endif
inline bool EqualsZero( float value )
{
  return value == 0.0f;
}
#if __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif

/**
 * @brief Helper function to compare equality of two floating point values.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] a the first value to compare
 * @param[in] b the second value to compare
 * @return true if the values are equal within a minimal epsilon for their values
 */
inline bool Equals( float a, float b )
{
  return ( fabsf( a - b ) <= GetRangedEpsilon( a, b ) );
}

/**
 * @brief Helper function to compare equality of two floating point values.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] a the first value to compare
 * @param[in] b the second value to compare
 * @param[in] epsilon the minimum epsilon value that will be used to consider the values different
 * @return true if the difference between the values is less than the epsilon
 */
inline bool Equals( float a, float b, float epsilon )
{
  return ( fabsf( a - b ) <= epsilon );
}

/**
 * @brief Get an float that is rounded at specified place of decimals.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] value float value
 * @param[in] pos decimal place
 * @return a rounded float
 */
inline float Round( float value, int32_t pos )
{
  float temp;
  temp = value * powf( 10.f, static_cast<float>( pos ) );
  temp = floorf( temp + 0.5f );
  temp *= powf( 10.f, static_cast<float>( -pos ) );
  return temp;
}

/**
 * @brief Wrap x in domain (start) to (end).
 *
 * This works like a floating point version
 * of the % modulo operation. But with an offset (start).
 *
 * For instance a domain is specified as:
 * start: 2
 * end: 8
 *
 * @code
 *   2                         8
 * (\ / start)               (\ / end)
 *   |----x                    |
 * @endcode
 *
 * The value x will be confined to this domain.
 * If x is below 2 e.g. 0, then it is wrapped to 6.
 * If x is above or equal to 8 e.g. 8.1 then it is
 * wrapped to 2.1.
 *
 * Domain wrapping is useful for various problems from
 * calculating positions in a space that repeats, to
 * computing angles that range from 0 to 360.
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] x the point to be wrapped within the domain
 * @param[in] start The start of the domain
 * @param[in] end The end of the domain
 *
 * @return the wrapped value over the domain (start) (end)
 * @note If start = end (i.e. size of domain 0), then wrapping will not occur
 * and result will always be equal to start.
 *
 */
inline float WrapInDomain(float x, float start, float end)
{
  float domain = end - start;
  x -= start;

  if(fabsf(domain) > Math::MACHINE_EPSILON_1)
  {
    return start + (x - floorf(x / domain) * domain);
  }

  return start;
}


/**
 * @brief Find the shortest distance (magnitude) and direction (sign)
 * from (a) to (b) in domain (start) to (end).
 *
 * @code
 *  (\ / start)               (\ / end)
 *    |-a                 b<----|
 * @endcode
 *
 * Knowing the shortest distance is useful with wrapped domains
 * to solve problems such as determining the closest object to
 * a given point, or determining whether turning left or turning
 * right is the shortest route to get from angle 10 degrees
 * to angle 350 degrees (clearly in a 0-360 degree domain, turning
 * left 20 degrees is quicker than turning right 340 degrees).
 *
 * The value returned holds the distance and the direction from
 * value a to value b. For instance in the above example it would
 * return -20. i.e. subtract 20 from current value (10) to reach
 * target wrapped value (350).
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param a the current value
 * @param b the target value
 * @param start the start of the domain
 * @param end the end of the domain
 * @return the shortest direction (the sign) and distance (the magnitude)
 * @note Assumes both (a) and (b) are already within the domain
 * (start) to (end).
 *
 */
inline float ShortestDistanceInDomain( float a, float b, float start, float end )
{
  //  (a-start + end-b)
  float size = end-start;
  float vect = b-a;

  if(vect > 0)
  {
    // +ve vector, let's try perspective 1 domain to the right,
    // and see if closer.
    float aRight = a+size;
    if( aRight-b < vect )
    {
      return b-aRight;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    // -ve vector, let's try perspective 1 domain to the left,
    // and see if closer.
    float aLeft = a-size;
    if( aLeft-b > vect )
    {
      return b-aLeft;
    }
  }

  return vect;
}

/**
 * @brief Extracts the sign of a number
 *
 * @SINCE_1_0.0
 * @param[in] value The value we want to extract the sign
 * @return -1 for negative values, +1 for positive values and 0 if value is 0
 */
template <typename T>
int32_t Sign( T value )
{
  return ( T(0) < value ) - ( value < T(0) );
}

/**
 * @}
 */
} // namespace Dali

#endif // DALI_MATH_UTILS_H
